• Age between 18 and 60 years.

• Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), as defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria, The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria, or the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/ACR classification.

• Refractory SLE, defined by one or more of the following:

‣ 1 Persistently active SLE requiring ongoing maintenance therapy (if not contraindicated) with:

⁃ Antimalarial drug.

⁃ Either mycophenolate (minimum daily dose of 1500 mg) or azathioprine (minimum daily dose of 1.5 mg/kg).

⁃ Patients must also need a minimum daily dose of 7.5 mg prednisolone for lower disease activity maintenance, or have a SLEDAI score of 8 or higher.

‣ 2 Biopsy-proven proliferative lupus nephritis after two standard induction therapies, including intravenous cyclophosphamide (cumulative dose of at least 1.5 g) and mycophenolate mofetil (administered for a minimum of 3 months), unless contraindicated.

‣ 3 Worsening of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (activity index \> 6 and chronicity index \< 6 within 6 months), indicated by increased proteinuria and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, despite treatment with high-dose corticosteroids (prednisolone at least 0.7 mg/kg/day or equivalent) and either mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide for a minimum of 14 days.

• Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

• Participants of child-bearing or child-fathering potential must agree to practice birth control from enrollment until four months after receiving CAR T-cell infusion.